Advancing Sustainability in Food Supply Chains: Barriers to Implementing the Product-as-a-Service Model with an Emphasis on the Role of Technology
Keywords:
Product-as-a-service (PaaS), circular economy, food industry, barriers, digital technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, Z-numbers, Best-Worst Method (BWM)Abstract
The Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) model, as an innovative solution in food supply chains, allows businesses to utilize technology-based services such as Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain instead of purchasing and owning equipment. However, the implementation of this model in developing countries faces numerous challenges. This study investigates the key barriers to implementing PaaS in food supply chains in these countries and categorizes them into four main groups: financial, technical, regulatory, and socio-cultural barriers. The results reveal that lack of digital infrastructure, high technology implementation costs, and lack of supportive government policies are among the fundamental barriers to the adoption of this model. Additionally, cultural preference for asset ownership and distrust of foreign companies are identified as major socio-cultural barriers that hinder the acceptance of PaaS by local communities. To overcome these obstacles, the study proposes solutions such as developing digital infrastructure, providing financial assistance and government subsidies, raising community awareness through educational programs, and involving local stakeholders in decision-making processes. This research demonstrates that the PaaS model can enhance the efficiency of food supply chains in Iran, contributing to reduced food waste, increased sustainability, and lower operational costs.
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